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Table of Contents

Volume 45 • Number 6 • June 2001

Mechanisms of Resistance

Research Article01 June 2001

Effect of Drug Concentration on Emergence of Macrolide Resistance in Mycobacterium avium

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1607-1614.2001
The emergence of antibiotic resistance in mycobacteria involves the selection of mutant variants within a susceptible bacterial population. However, it is unclear whether antimycobacterial drugs act just as selective agents or can ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Oxacillinase-Mediated Resistance to Cefepime and Susceptibility to Ceftazidime in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1615-1620.2001
Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate SOF-1 was resistant to cefepime and susceptible to ceftazidime. This resistance phenotype was explained by the expression of OXA-31, which shared 98% amino acid identity with a ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Molecular Basis of Rifampin and Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium bovis Strains Isolated in Sardinia, Italy

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1645-1648.2001
Fourteen of 22 (68%) Mycobacterium bovis strains isolated from cattle in Sardinia were found to be resistant to rifampin and isoniazid. Analysis of the rpoB and the katG, oxyR-ahpC, and inhA gene regions of these strains was ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Association of Amino Acid Substitutions in Penicillin-Binding Protein 3 with β-Lactam Resistance in β-Lactamase-Negative Ampicillin-Resistant Haemophilus influenzae

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1693-1699.2001
The affinity of [3H]benzylpenicillin for penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 3A was reduced in 25 clinical isolates of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin (AMP)-resistant (BLNAR)Haemophilus influenzae for which the AMP MIC was ≥1.0 μg/ml. ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Teicoplanin Stress-Selected Mutations Increasing ςB Activity in Staphylococcus aureus

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1714-1720.2001
A natural rsbU mutant of Staphylococcus aureus, unable to activate the alternative transcription factor ςB via the RsbU pathway and therefore forming unpigmented colonies, produced first-step teicoplanin-resistant mutants upon ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Real-Time PCR and Melting Curve Analysis for Reliable and Rapid Detection of SHV Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1730-1736.2001
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), e.g., ESBLs of the TEM or SHV type, compromise the efficacies of expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. An SHV non-ESBL that hydrolyzes only narrow-spectrum cephalosporins can be converted into an ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Multidrug Efflux Pumps: Expression Patterns and Contribution to Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1761-1770.2001
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms are intrinsically resistant to antimicrobial chemotherapies. At present, very little is known about the physiological changes that occur during the transition from the planktonic to biofilm ...
Research Article01 June 2001

C-Terminal Region of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Outer Membrane Porin OprD Modulates Susceptibility to Meropenem

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1780-1787.2001
We investigated the unusual susceptibility to meropenem observed for seven imipenem-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These strains were genetically closely related, expressed OprD, as determined by Western ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Resistance Studies with Daptomycin

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1799-1802.2001
We studied the in vitro emergence of resistance to daptomycin using three methods: spontaneous resistance incidence, serial passage in the presence of increasing drug concentrations, and chemical mutagenesis. No spontaneously ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Activation of Multiple Antibiotic Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains by Aryloxoalcanoic Acid Compounds

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1815-1822.2001
Clofibric and ethacrynic acids are prototypical pharmacological agents administered in the treatment of hypertrigliceridemia and as a diuretic agent, respectively. They share with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (the widely used ...
Research Article01 June 2001

CENTA as a Chromogenic Substrate for Studying β-Lactamases

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1868-1871.2001
CENTA, a chromogenic cephalosporin, is readily hydrolyzed by β-lactamases of all classes except for the Aeromonas hydrophila metalloenzyme. Although it cannot practically be used for the detection of β-lactamase-producing strains ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Expression of Multidrug Efflux Pump SmeDEF by Clinical Isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1879-1881.2001
The presence of the multidrug efflux pump SmeDEF was assessed in a collection of clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. All isolates encoded this pump, as demonstrated by PCR. Forty-seven percent of the strains ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Mechanisms of Macrolide Resistance in Clinical Group B Streptococci Isolated in France

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1889-1891.2001
Macrolide susceptibility was investigated in clinical group B streptococci obtained from neonates or pregnant women in 2000 in France. Of 490 consecutive isolates, 18% were resistant to erythromycin. The erm(B), erm(A) subclasserm(...

Antiviral Agents

Research Article01 June 2001

Alkylglycerol Prodrugs of Phosphonoformate Are Potent In Vitro Inhibitors of Nucleoside-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Select for Resistance Mutations That Suppress Zidovudine Resistance

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1621-1628.2001
Phosphonoformate (foscarnet; PFA) is a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT), but its use for the treatment of HIV-1 infection is limited by toxicity and the lack of an orally ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Selection and Characterization of Varicella-Zoster Virus Variants Resistant to (R)-9-[4-Hydroxy-2-(Hydroxymethy)Butyl]Guanine

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1629-1636.2001
(R)-9-[4-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethy)butyl]guanine (H2G) is a potent and selective inhibitor of herpesvirus replication. It is a nucleoside analog, and its triphosphate derivative (H2G-TP) is a competitive inhibitor of herpesvirus DNA ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Thermoreversible Gel Formulations Containing Sodium Lauryl Sulfate or n-Lauroylsarcosine as Potential Topical Microbicides against Sexually Transmitted Diseases

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1671-1681.2001
The microbicidal efficacies of two anionic surfactants, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and n-lauroylsarcosine (LS), were evaluated in cultured cells and in a murine model of herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) intravaginal infection. In ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Cross-Resistance Testing of Antihepadnaviral Compounds Using Novel Recombinant Baculoviruses Which Encode Drug-Resistant Strains of Hepatitis B Virus

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1705-1713.2001
Long-term nucleoside analog therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related disease frequently results in the selection of mutant HBV strains that are resistant to therapy. Molecular studies of such drug-resistant variants are clearly ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Genotypic and Phenotypic Resistance Patterns of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants with Insertions or Deletions in the Reverse Transcriptase (RT): Multicenter Study of Patients Treated with RT Inhibitors

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1836-1842.2001
Genomic rearrangements in the 5′ part of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) have been involved in multidrug resistance to nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTI). We carried out a retrospective, ...

Experimental Therapeutics

Research Article01 June 2001

Treatment of Tuberculosis Using a Combination of Sustained-Release Rifampin-Loaded Microspheres and Oral Dosing with Isoniazid

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1637-1644.2001
Previously, we reported on the use of rifampin-loaded microspheres to effectively treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages and mice. Using similar biocompatible polymeric excipients of lactide and glycolide copolymers, ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Activities of Newer Fluoroquinolones against Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1654-1659.2001
The incidence of ciprofloxacin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae is low but steadily increasing, which raises concerns regarding the clinical impact of potential cross-resistance with newer fluoroquinolones. To investigate ...
Research Article01 June 2001

In Vivo Efficacy of the New Ketolide Telithromycin (HMR 3647) in Murine Infection Models

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1688-1692.2001
We compared the oral antibacterial activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647), a new ketolide drug, in different infections induced in mice byStaphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococci, enterococci, and Haemophilus ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Trifluoromethionine, a Prodrug Designed against Methionine γ-Lyase-Containing Pathogens, Has Efficacy In Vitro and In Vivo against Trichomonas vaginalis

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1743-1745.2001
Methionine γ-lyase, the enzyme which catalyzes the single-step conversion of methionine to α-ketobutyrate, ammonia, and methanethiol, is highly active in many anaerobic pathogenic microorganisms but has no counterpart in mammals. ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Atovaquone Nanosuspensions Show Excellent Therapeutic Effect in a New Murine Model of Reactivated Toxoplasmosis

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1771-1779.2001
Immunocompromised patients are at risk of developing toxoplasma encephalitis (TE). Standard therapy regimens (including sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine) are hampered by severe side effects. While atovaquone has potent in vitro ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Inhibition of Group A Streptococcus Infection by Carboxyfullerene

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1788-1793.2001
The effect of a water-soluble trimalonic acid derivative of fullerene, carboxyfullerene, against Streptococcus pyogenes infection was tested. Pretreatment with carboxyfullerene was able to protect mice from S. pyogenes infection in ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Human Malaria in Immunocompromised Mice: New In Vivo Model for Chemotherapy Studies

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1847-1853.2001
We have recently designed a new Plasmodium falciparummouse model and documented its potential for the study of immune effector mechanisms. In order to determine its value for drug studies, we evaluated its response to existing ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Correlation between Antifungal Susceptibilities ofCoccidioides immitis In Vitro and Antifungal Treatment with Caspofungin in a Mouse Model

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1854-1859.2001
Caspofungin (Merck Pharmaceuticals) was tested in vitro against 25 clinical isolates of Coccidoides immitis. In vitro susceptibility testing was performed in accordance with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Activities of Hexadecylphosphocholine (Miltefosine), AmBisome, and Sodium Stibogluconate (Pentostam) againstLeishmania donovani in Immunodeficient scidMice

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1872-1875.2001
In both scid and BALB/c mouse-Leishmania donovani models, hexadecyphosphocholine (miltefosine) and AmBisome had similar levels of activity. In contrast, sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) was significantly less active againstL. ...

Mechanisms of Action

Research Article01 June 2001

Contributions of the 8-Methoxy Group of Gatifloxacin to Resistance Selectivity, Target Preference, and Antibacterial Activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1649-1653.2001
Gatifloxacin (8-methoxy, 7-piperazinyl-3′-methyl) at the MIC selected mutant strains that possessed gyrA mutations at a low frequency (3.7 × 10−9) from wild-type strainStreptococcus pneumoniae IID553. AM-1147 (8-methoxy, 7-...
Research Article01 June 2001

Genomic Profiling of the Response of Candida albicans to Itraconazole Treatment Using a DNA Microarray

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1660-1670.2001
The application of genome-wide expression profiling to determine how drugs achieve their therapeutic effect has provided the pharmaceutical industry with an exciting new tool for drug mode-of-action studies. We used DNA chip ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Proinflammatory Activity of a Cecropin-Like Antibacterial Peptide from Helicobacter pylori

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1700-1704.2001
Helicobacter pylori, the bacterial pathogen associated with gastritis and peptic ulcers, is highly successful in establishing infection in the human gastric mucosa, a process typically associated with massive infiltration ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Mechanism of Synergy between Epigallocatechin Gallate and β-Lactams against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1737-1742.2001
Compared to MICs (more than 800 μg/ml) of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) against Escherchia coli, MICs of EGCg against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA) were 100 μg/ml or ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Katanosin B and Plusbacin A3, Inhibitors of Peptidoglycan Synthesis in Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1823-1827.2001
Both katanosin B and plusbacin A3 are naturally occurring cyclic depsipeptide antibiotics containing a lactone linkage. They showed strong antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus and VanA-type ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Staphylococcus aureus Cell Extract Transcription-Translation Assay: Firefly Luciferase Reporter System for Evaluating Protein Translation Inhibitors

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1900-1904.2001
The promoter for the Staphylococcus aureus capsule polysaccharide synthesis gene (cap1A) was cloned in front of the firefly luciferase gene for use in a cell extractS. aureus transcription-translation system. The assay is rapid, ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Azithromycin Inhibits Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1930-1933.2001
We report that 2 μg of azithromycin/ml inhibits the quorum-sensing circuitry of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1. Addition of synthetic autoinducers partially restored the expression of the trancriptional activator-encoding genes...

Pharmacology

Research Article01 June 2001

Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the Electroencephalogram Effect of Imipenem in Healthy Rats

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1682-1687.2001
A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling approach was developed to investigate the epileptogenic activity of imipenem in rats. Initially, animals received an intravenous infusion of imipenem at a rate of 2.65 mg min−1 for ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Uptake, Transport, and Delivery of Antimicrobial Agents by Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1794-1798.2001
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are attracted to sites of infection. They have the potential to deliver antimicrobial agents to these sites if the agents enter the cells and do not alter migration. Penicillin G did not enter ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Population Pharmacokinetics of Intramuscular Quinine in Children with Severe Malaria

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1803-1809.2001
We present the first population pharmacokinetic analysis of quinine in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Ghanaian children (n = 120; aged 12 months to 10 years) with severe malaria received an intramuscular loading dose ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Penetration of Linezolid following Multiple Oral Doses

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1843-1846.2001
The pharmacokinetics of multiple-dose linezolid were determined following administration of five 600-mg oral doses given every 12 h to each of six healthy male volunteers. Concentrations of the drug were determined in plasma and ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Antibacterial Properties of Gemifloxacin and Trovafloxacin in Urine Ex Vivo: Phase I Study

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1876-1878.2001
Urine bactericidal titers (UBTs) againstEscherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus saprophyticus ATCC 1970 were determined after the administration of single oral doses of gemifloxacin at 320 mg and trovafloxacin at 200 mg to ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Sputum Itraconazole Concentrations in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1937-1938.2001
Itraconazole diffusion in sputum was studied in 11 cystic fibrosis patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. There was a high interindividual variability in sputum itraconazole concentration and sputum/serum drug ...

Susceptibility

Research Article01 June 2001

Antimicrobial Resistance among Clinical Isolates ofStreptococcus pneumoniae in the United States during 1999–2000, Including a Comparison of Resistance Rates since 1994–1995

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1721-1729.2001
A total of 1,531 recent clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected from 33 medical centers nationwide during the winter of 1999–2000 and characterized at a central laboratory. Of these isolates, 34.2% were ...
Research Article01 June 2001

In Vitro Activities of Antibiotics againstPlasmodium falciparum Are Inhibited by Iron

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1746-1750.2001
The in vitro activities of cyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline, and rolitetracycline), macrolides (erythromycin, spiramycin, roxithromycin, and lincomycin), quinolones (norfloxacin and ofloxacin), ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Drug Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Protozoa

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1810-1814.2001
A simple technique for routine, reproducible global surveillance of the drug susceptibility status of the anaerobic protozoaTrichomonas, Entamoeba, and Giardia is described. Data collected using this technique can be readily ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Optimal Susceptibility Testing Conditions for Detection of Azole Resistance in Aspergillus spp.: NCCLS Collaborative Evaluation

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1828-1835.2001
The most important role of susceptibility testing is to identify potentially resistant isolates for the agent being evaluated. Standard testing guidelines recently have been proposed for antifungal susceptibility testing of ...
Research Article01 June 2001

In Vitro Activities of Ertapenem (MK-0826) against Recent Clinical Bacteria Collected in Europe and Australia

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1860-1867.2001
Ertapenem (MK-0826, L-749,345) is a 1-β-methyl carbapenem with a long serum half-life. Its in vitro activity was determined by broth microdilution against 3,478 bacteria from 12 centers in Europe and Australia, with imipenem, ...
Research Article01 June 2001

In Vitro Activities of Terbinafine againstAspergillus Species in Comparison with Those of Itraconazole and Amphotericin B

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1882-1885.2001
Compared with the in vitro activities of itraconazole (geometric mean MIC [GM], 0.56 μg/ml) and amphotericin B (GM, 0.66 μg/ml), the in vitro activity of terbinafine was inferior againstAspergillus fumigatus (GM, 19.03 μg/ml) (P < ...
Research Article01 June 2001

In Vitro Activities of DU-1102, a New Trioxaquine Derivative, against Plasmodium falciparum Isolates

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1886-1888.2001
The antimalarial trioxaquine derivative DU-1102, synthesized by covalent linkage between aminoquinoline and trioxane moieties, was highly active against Cameroonian isolates (mean 50% inhibitory concentration of 43 nmol/liter) of ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Effects of Synthetic Cecropin Analogs on in Vitro Growth of Acholeplasma laidlawii

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1894-1895.2001
Four synthetic peptides (Peptidyl MIMs; Demeter Biotechnologies, Inc.) were evaluated for their in vitro activity againstAcholeplasma laidlawii. Fifty percent effective concentration values ranged from 1 to 15 μM. Three of these ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Comparative In Vitro Activities of Gemifloxacin, Other Quinolones, and Nonquinolone Antimicrobials against Obligately Anaerobic Bacteria

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1896-1899.2001
The in vitro activity of gemifloxacin was compared to that of other quinolone and nonquinolone antimicrobials against 204 anaerobes by the agar dilution technique. The data indicate that gemifloxacin has a rather selective ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Azasordarins: Susceptibility of Fluconazole-Susceptible and Fluconazole-Resistant Clinical Isolates ofCandida spp. to GW 471558

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1905-1907.2001
The in vitro activity of the azasordarin GW 471558 was compared with those of amphotericin B, flucytosine, itraconazole, and ketoconazole against 177 clinical isolates of Candidaspp. GW 471558 showed potent activity against Candida ...
Research Article01 June 2001

In Vitro Activities of Moxifloxacin and Other Fluoroquinolones against Mycoplasma pneumoniae

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1908-1910.2001
A total of 105 isolates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae were evaluated for susceptibility to moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. Moxifloxacin, a newly synthesized compound, showed the greatest activity. The MICs ...
Research Article01 June 2001

Evaluation of Susceptibility Testing To Detect Fluoroquinolone Resistance Mechanisms in Streptococcus pneumoniae

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1911-1914.2001
To determine if susceptibility testing of Streptococcus pneumoniae could detect those isolates that had one of the recognized mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance, 101 isolates were selected; the levofloxacin MIC for 28 of ...
Research Article01 June 2001

In Vitro Activities of Ertapenem (MK-0826) against Clinical Bacterial Isolates from 11 North American Medical Centers

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1915-1918.2001
This study compared the in vitro activities of the new long-half-life carbapenem ertapenem (also known as MK-0826 and L-749,345) with those of imipenem, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and ciprofloxacin against 5,558 recent clinical ...
Research Article01 June 2001

In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin against 2,789 Clinical Isolates from 11 North American Medical Centers

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1919-1922.2001
The in vitro activity of daptomycin is affected by the concentration of calcium cations in the test medium. Mueller-Hinton broth is currently adjusted to contain 10 to 12.5 mg of magnesium per liter and 20 to 25 mg of calcium per ...
Research Article01 June 2001

In Vitro Activities of Three Nonfluorinated Quinolones against Representative Bacterial Isolates

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1923-1927.2001
In vitro susceptibility tests were performed to document the inhibitory activities of three nonfluorinated quinolone (NFQ) compounds (PGE 9262932, PGE 9509924, and PGE 4175997) compared to those of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and ...
Research Article01 June 2001

In Vitro Growth of Leishmania amazonensisPromastigotes Resistant to Pentamidine Is Dependent on Interactions among Strains

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1928-1929.2001
The in vitro growth of promastigote cells of Leishmania amazonensis was found to strongly depend on interactions among strains that differed in their pentamidine resistance. In particular, the growth of resistant strains was ...

Biologic Response Modifiers

Research Article01 June 2001

Antimicrobial Activity of Intraurethrally Administered Probiotic Lactobacillus casei in a Murine Model of Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1751-1760.2001
The antimicrobial activity of the intraurethrally administered probiotic Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota againstEscherichia coli in a murine urinary tract infection (UTI) model was examined. UTI was induced by intraurethral ...

Clinical Therapeutics

Research Article01 June 2001

Salmonella Excretion after Cessation of Tosufloxacin Therapy in Acute Nontyphoid Salmonella Enterocolitis

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1892-1893.2001
Symptomatic nontyphoid salmonella enterocolitis patients were treated with tosufloxacin (TFLX) at oral doses of 150 mg three times a day for 5 to 7 days, but bacterial relapse without symptoms occurred in 85% of the patients within ...

Analytical Procedures

Research Article01 June 2001

Kanamycin Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube and a Colorimetric Method

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1934-1936.2001
Two novel systems were evaluated for performing indirect kanamycin susceptibility tests on 72 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The microplate Alamar blue colorimetric method (breakpoint, 2.5 μg/ml) and the Mycobacterium ...

Letters

01 June 2001

Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Singapore Producing IMP-1 β-Lactamase and Lacking an Outer Membrane Protein

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1939-1940.2001
IMP metallo-β-lactamases hydrolyze virtually all β-lactams and are insensitive to clinically available inhibitors. IMP-1 has been reported repeatedly since 1991 in Japan (8), where it is now scattered in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens and has been found in Klebsiella pneumoniae (H. Kurkawa, Y. Tetsuya, N. Shibata, K. Shibayama, and Y. Arakawa, Letter, Lancet 354:955, 1999). Carriage ofblaIMP-1 has not been confirmed outside Japan, but related enzymes—IMP-2 and -4—have been found in acinetobacters in Italy (9) and Hong Kong (1); IMP-4 was also found in Citrobacter youngae in Guangzhou, China (2).

Errata

Correction01 June 2001

Activities of the Combination of Quinupristin-Dalfopristin with Rifampin In Vitro and in Experimental Endocarditis Due to Staphylococcus aureus Strains with Various Phenotypes of Resistance to Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin Antibiotics

https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.6.1941-1941.2001
Volume 45, no. 4, p. 1244–1248. Page 1244, abstract, line 9: “showed no difference between Q-D and rifampin …” should read “showed an additive effect between Q-D and rifampin …”
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