Privatization of Biofilm Matrix in Structurally Heterogeneous Biofilms
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
RESULTS
Structural heterogeneity develops in late stages of pellicle growth.

Temporal changes in structural heterogeneity overlap changes in phenotypic heterogeneity.

Expression of epsA-epsO and tapA-sipW-tasA operons in robust and fragile fractions.

TasA nonproducers have negative effects on the timing of pellicle development and final pellicle productivity.

TasA nonproducers diminish pellicle robustness, while EPS nonproducers do not.

DISCUSSION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Bacterial strains and cultivation methods.
Strain | Genotype | Reference |
---|---|---|
DK1042 | 3610 comIQ12I (wild type) | 54 |
TB34 | DK1042 but amyE::Phyperspank-gfp (Cmr) | 55 |
TB35 | DK1042 but amyE::Phyperspank-mKate2 (Cmr) | 56 |
TB500 | DK1042 but amyE::Phyperspank-gfp (Specr) | 55 |
TB501 | DK1042 but amyE::Phyperspank-mKate2 (Specr) | 37 |
TB514 | DK1042 but eps::Tetr, tasA::Specr, amyE::Phyperspank-gfp (Cmr) | This study |
TB515 | DK1042 but eps::Tetr, tasA::Specr, amyE::Phyperspank-mKate2 (Cmr) | This study |
TB524 | DK1042 but eps::Tetr , amyE::Phyperspank-gfp (Specr) | 37 |
TB525 | DK1042 but eps::Tetr , amyE::Phyperspank-mKate2 (Specr) | 37 |
TB538 | DK1042 but tasA::Kmr, amyE::Phyperspank-gfp (Specr) | 37 |
TB539 | DK1042 but tasA::Kmr, amyE::Phyperspank-mKate2 (Specr) | 37 |
TB601 | DK1042 but eps::Tetr | 49 |
TB602 | DK1042 but tasA::Specr | 55 |
TB852 | DK1042 but eps::Tetr, tasA::Kmr | This study |
TB863 | DK1042 but tasA::Kmr | 37 |
TB864 | DK1042 but amyE::Phyperspank-mKate2 (Cmr) sacA::Peps-gfp (Kmr) | 49 |
TB865 | DK1042 but amyE::Phyperspank-mKate2 (Cmr) sacA::PtapA-gfp (Kmr) | 49 |
Structural heterogeneity assay.
Fitness assays.
Flow cytometry.
Microscopy and image analysis.
Statistical analysis.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Footnote
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