Phylogenetic and functional analyses of N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation factors in the wheat scab fungus Fusarium graminearum
ABSTRACT
IMPORTANCE
INTRODUCTION
RESULTS
Divergence of m6A writers in the kingdom Fungi
Identification of putative m6A reader and eraser in fungi
Name | ID (FGRRES) | AA | Pfam | E-value | Putative function |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MTA1 | 06225 | 333 | PF05063 | 1.2e-34 | writer |
WTAPa | 01626 | 266 | PF17098 | 0.069 | writer |
VIRNa | 06249 | 143 | PF15912 | 0.073 | writer |
YTH1 | 01159 | 613 | PF04146 | 9.9e-66 | reader |
ALKBH1 | 16652 | 346 | PF13532 | 3.5e-30 | eraser |
ALKBH2 | 09872 | 933 | PF13532 | 1e-29 | eraser |
ALKBH3 | 16456 | 443 | PF13532 | 5.6e-35 | eraser |
ALKBH4 | 01255 | 326 | PF13532 | 2.8e-28 | eraser |
ALKBH5 | 20373 | 228 | PF13532 | 6.2e-15 | eraser |
Functional characterization of putative m6A factors in F. graminearum
MTA1 as an m6A writer in F. graminearum
Roles of MTA1 in conidial germination and hyphal growth
Gene ID (FGRRES) | FCa | FDRb | Predicted function |
---|---|---|---|
11026 | −5.2 | 0.0212 | Nonribosomal peptide synthetase, malonichrome |
16138 | −6.0 | 0.0212 | Hypothetical protein |
11158 | −8.1 | 0.0212 | Amidohydrolase family |
16091c | −4.3 | 0.0212 | Hypothetical protein |
17136 | 5.2 | 0.0212 | Superfamily I DNA and/or RNA helicase |
03600 | 8.2 | 0.0212 | Hypothetical protein |
00251 | −5.0 | 0.0212 | Probable galactose oxidase precursor |
13979 | 5.5 | 0.0233 | Acetyltransferase (GNAT) domain |
04188c | 4.0 | 0.0233 | Major facilitator transporter |
11412 | 5.5 | 0.0233 | Hypothetical protein |
12820 | 6.9 | 0.0245 | Hypothetical protein |
05926 | −3.8 | 0.0245 | GALl4-type MHR TF (without a zinc cluster domain) |
13561 | 4.7 | 0.0245 | FAD-dependent oxidoreductase |
10598c | 6.6 | 0.0245 | Hypothetical protein |
02139 | 5.7 | 0.0245 | ABC transporter |
11413 | 6.9 | 0.0255 | CoA-transferase family III domain-containing protein |
06225 | 7.0 | 0.0306 | MTA1, m6A writer |
00725c | −4.2 | 0.0499 | GAL4-type MHR TF (with a zinc cluster domain) |
11736 | 4.6 | 0.0499 | Hypothetical protein |
05829 | 4.9 | 0.0499 | Prolyl oligopeptidase family |
03319d | 4.6 | 0.0597 | AAA family ATPase |
11474d | 5.3 | 0.0901 | Nucleotidyltransferase superfamily, GrpB domain-containing |
15648d | 5.1 | 0.0901 | Hypothetical protein |
08659d | 2.8 | 0.1125 | Hypothetical protein |
10446d | −4.2 | 0.1479 | Pyruvate decarboxylase |
DISCUSSION
Roles of m6A writer in filamentous fungi
Evolutionary perspectives of m6A factors in fungi
Expression levels of m6A factors throughout the life cycle of F. graminearum
Concluding remarks
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Phylogenetic analyses of m6A factors in fungi
Genetic transformation for gene deletion and overexpression
Sexual development and hyphal growth measurement
M6A quantification
RT-PCR and quantitative RT-PCR analyses
RNA-seq and differential expression analyses
DATA accessions
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
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