Genetic Analysis of Capsular Polysaccharide Synthesis Gene Clusters from All Serotypes of Streptococcus suis: Potential Mechanisms for Generation of Capsular Variation
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Bacterial strains and genomic DNA isolation.
Strain | Serotype | No. of cps genesa | HG ofb: | Location patternc | Accession no. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IT | Wzy | Wzx | |||||
NCTC 10237 | 1 | 26 | HG6 | HG50 | HG13 | I-a | AB737817 |
2651 | 1/2 | 23 | HG6 | HG54 | HG13 | I-a | AB737816 |
P1/7 | 2 | 22 | HG6 | HG54 | HG13 | I-a | BR001000d |
4961 | 3 | 16 | HG42 | HG90 | HG89 | I-a | BR001001d,e |
6407 | 4 | 17 | HG21 | HG96 | HG98 | I-a | BR001002d |
11538 | 5 | 20 | HG21 | HG103 | HG105 | I-a | BR001003d,e |
2524 | 6 | 21 | HG6 | HG109 | HG13, HG58 | I-a | AB737818 |
8074 | 7 | 18 | HG21 | HG113 | HG114 | I-a | BR001004d |
14636 | 8 | 16 | HG6 | HG120 | HG43 | I-a | BR001005d |
22083 | 9 | 19 | HG8 | HG123 | HG43 | I-b | BR001006d,e |
4417 | 10 | 22 | HG8 | HG130 | HG132 | I-a | BR001007d |
12814 | 11 | 18 | HG8 | HG138 | HG71 | I-a | AB737819 |
8830 | 12 | 18 | HG8 | HG140 | HG141 | I-a | AB737820 |
10581 | 13 | 18 | HG42 | HG148 | HG149 | I-b | AB737821 |
13730 | 14 | 22 | HG6 | HG50 | HG13 | I-a | AB737822 |
NCTC 10446 | 15 | 13 | HG6 | HG153 | HG155 | I-a | AB737823 |
2726 | 16 | 22 | HG6 | HG157 | HG13, HG58 | I-a | BR001008d |
93A | 17 | 26 | HG21 | HG164 | HG163 | I-a | AB737824 |
NT77 | 18 | 22 | HG42 | HG170 | HG171 | I-a | AB737825 |
42A | 19 | 22 | HG21 | HG174 | HG176 | I-a | BR001009d |
86–5192 | 20 | 18 | HG6 | HG182 | HG186 | III | AB737826 |
14A | 21 | 19 | HG8 | HG194 | HG193 | I-b | AB737827 |
88–1861 | 22 | 26 | HG6 | HG200 | HG203 | III | AB737828 |
89–2479 | 23 | 17 | HG21 | HG213 | HG216 | I-a | BR001010d |
88-5299A | 24 | 17 | HG8 | HG220 | HG221 | I-b | AB737829 |
89-3576-3 | 25 | 15 | HG6 | HG229 | HG231 | I-a | BR001011d |
89-4109-1 | 26 | 22 | HG8 | HG240 | HG238 | III | AB737830 |
89–5259 | 27 | 20 | HG6 | HG246 | HG13 | II | AB737831 |
89–590 | 28 | 17 | HG8 | HG254 | HG256 | I-a | AB737832 |
92–1191 | 29 | 18 | HG8 | HG259 | HG262 | I-b | AB737833 |
92–1400 | 30 | 17 | HG8 | HG264 | HG265 | I-a | AB737834 |
92–4172 | 31 | 15 | HG269 | HG274 | HG275 | I-b | AB737835 |
EA1172.91 | 32 | 16 | HG278 | HG281 | HG285 | IV | AB737836 |
EA1832.92 | 33 | 15 | HG8 | HG286 | HG43 | I-b | AB737837 |
92–2742 | 34 | 19 | HG287 | HG290 | HG71 | IV | AB737838 |
Sequencing of cps gene clusters.
(i) Serotypes 1, 1/2, 6, 11, 14, 15, 17, and 18.
(ii) Serotype 12, 13, 20 to 22, 24, and 26 to 34.
(iii) cps3E, cps5E, and cps9J and the 3′-side boundary region of cps9 locus.
Bioinformatic methods and cluster analysis.
Phylogenetic analysis.
Nucleotide sequence accession numbers.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Chromosomal loci of 35 cps gene clusters.
General features of the 35 cps gene clusters.
Assignment of HGs.
(i) 5′-side regions of cps gene clusters.
(ii) Biosynthesis genes of CP components conserved among several serotypes.
(iii) Serotype-specific genes in the cps gene clusters.
(iv) Wzy polymerase and Wzx flippase.
Relationship between similarity of cps gene clusters and serological cross-reactivity. (i) Serotypes 1 and 14.
(ii) Serotypes 1/2 and 2.
(iii) Other serotypes.
Potential serotype conversion and evolution of the cps gene clusters in S. suis. (i) Horizontal transfer and replacement of cps gene clusters.
(ii) Small-scale mutations and deletion, insertion, and inversion events.
Future research directions in S. suis CP.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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